Argumentative Writing Glossary

A fallacy attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument itself.

A debatable claim taking a clear position requiring evidence and reasoning to defend.

A paragraph containing a claim, evidence, and commentary that advances the overall argument.

A debatable statement or position requiring evidence and reasoning to support.

The reasoning explaining how evidence supports a claim.

Acknowledging the validity of an opposing view before presenting a rebuttal.

An argument opposing the writer's thesis; addressing it demonstrates thoroughness.

Facts, data, examples, expert testimony, or observations used to support a claim.

A fallacy presenting only two options when more exist.

A fallacy drawing a broad conclusion from insufficient evidence.

Using qualifying language to limit claim scope.

The logical through-line connecting all claims, evidence, and commentary in an essay.

Appeal to logic, evidence, and rational argument.

Limiting claim scope to avoid overstating.

A response countering an opposing argument with evidence and reasoning.

An introductory phrase attributing evidence to a source.

A fallacy assuming one action inevitably leads to extreme consequences.

A fallacy misrepresenting an opposing argument to make it easier to attack.

The central claim of an argumentative essay; should be specific, debatable, and defensible.

Opening sentence of a body paragraph stating the claim.

A word or phrase connecting ideas between sentences or paragraphs.

The underlying assumption connecting evidence to a claim; often unstated.