Information Systems Glossary

An iterative software development approach emphasizing flexibility, collaboration, customer feedback, and incremental delivery.

A set of protocols enabling different software applications to communicate and exchange data.

Technologies and practices for collecting, analyzing, and presenting business data to support decision-making.

The delivery of computing services over the internet, including servers, storage, databases, and software.

Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies; a framework for IT governance, risk management, and compliance.

A system for managing interactions with customers and prospects, tracking sales, marketing, and service activities.

The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks, unauthorized access, and data breaches.

The process of discovering patterns and relationships in large data sets using statistical and computational techniques.

A centralized repository of integrated data from multiple sources, optimized for analytical queries and reporting.

An organized collection of structured data stored electronically, typically managed by a database management system.

An interactive system that assists managers in making semi-structured and unstructured decisions through data analysis and modeling.

The strategic integration of digital technology into all areas of a business, fundamentally changing operations and value delivery.

Integrated software that unifies core business processes into a single system with a shared database.

A data integration process that extracts data from sources, transforms it for consistency, and loads it into a target system.

An organized combination of people, hardware, software, data, and procedures that collects, processes, stores, and distributes information.

The framework ensuring IT investments support business objectives while managing risk and regulatory compliance.

The strategic harmonization of IT capabilities and investments with business objectives and competitive strategy.

Software that connects disparate applications, enabling communication and data management between systems.

The process of organizing a relational database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity through normal forms.

A cloud computing model where software applications are delivered over the internet on a subscription basis.

The standard language for managing and querying relational databases, used to insert, update, delete, and retrieve data.

The management of the flow of goods, data, and finances from raw material procurement through delivery to the end consumer.

A structured process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying information systems through defined phases.

The process of linking different computing systems and software to function as a coordinated whole.

A system that handles routine business transactions such as sales, payments, and inventory updates with high speed and reliability.