Physical Therapy Glossary

The range of motion a patient can achieve independently through their own muscle contraction.

The study of the mechanical laws relating to the movement and structure of living organisms.

An amplification of neural signaling within the central nervous system that produces pain hypersensitivity.

The therapeutic application of cold to reduce pain, inflammation, and swelling.

A device used to measure muscle strength or force production, commonly handheld or isokinetic.

Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body tissues, often a focus of physical therapy treatment.

A diagnostic technique that records the electrical activity of muscles to assess neuromuscular function.

The integration of best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values in clinical decision-making.

The pattern of movement of the limbs during locomotion, primarily walking.

The measurement of joint angles using a goniometer to assess range of motion.

Abnormally increased muscle tone or resistance to passive stretch, often seen in neurological conditions.

Exercise performed at a constant speed with variable resistance throughout the range of motion, typically using specialized equipment.

The scientific study of human body movement, encompassing biomechanics, anatomy, and physiology.

Skilled hands-on techniques including mobilization, manipulation, and soft tissue work used to treat musculoskeletal conditions.

A physical agent or device used therapeutically, such as ultrasound, electrical stimulation, heat, or cold.

The continuous, passive partial contraction of muscles that helps maintain posture and readiness for movement.

Techniques to retrain the nervous system's control of movement, including proprioception, balance, and coordination training.

A specialty area focusing on the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries and conditions of bones, joints, muscles, and connective tissues.

The range of motion achieved when an external force, such as a therapist, moves the joint without patient effort.

Explosive exercises involving rapid stretching and contracting of muscles to increase power. Used in advanced rehabilitation.

A stretching and strengthening technique using diagonal movement patterns and neuromuscular principles to improve flexibility and function.

The process of restoring function and independence after injury, illness, or surgery through therapeutic interventions.

A velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone resulting from upper motor neuron lesions, common in stroke and cerebral palsy.

A modality using low-voltage electrical currents delivered through skin electrodes to provide pain relief.

The prescribed amount of weight a patient may place through an extremity, classified as non-weight-bearing, toe-touch, partial, weight-bearing as tolerated, or full weight-bearing.