Simple Harmonic Motion Glossary

Maximum displacement from equilibrium. Determines total energy: E = (1/2)kA^2.

omega = 2*pi*f = 2*pi/T. For a spring: omega = sqrt(k/m). For a pendulum: omega = sqrt(g/L).

Oscillation with decreasing amplitude due to energy dissipation. Three regimes: underdamped, critically damped, overdamped.

Number of oscillations per second: f = 1/T. Measured in hertz (Hz).

F = -kx. The restoring force of a spring is proportional to displacement and opposite in direction.

The property that the period of SHM is independent of amplitude. Enables clocks and timing devices.

The frequency at which a system oscillates when disturbed and allowed to move freely. f_0 = (1/2*pi)*sqrt(k/m).

Time for one complete oscillation cycle. T = 1/f = 2*pi/omega.

Maximum amplitude response when driving frequency matches natural frequency. Can be constructive or destructive.

Force directed toward equilibrium, proportional to displacement. F = -kx for springs.

Oscillatory motion with restoring force proportional to displacement: F = -kx. Position follows x(t) = A*cos(omega*t + phi).

Stiffness of a spring: k = F/x. Units: N/m. Larger k means stiffer spring and higher frequency.