Synthesis and Evidence Glossary

The writer's own analytical perspective maintained throughout a synthesis essay.

Identifying the source of information through signal phrases, in-text citations, or other crediting methods.

A source's systematic tendency toward a particular perspective, influenced by funding, politics, or methodology.

When multiple independent sources support the same claim, strengthening evidence through convergence.

The trustworthiness of a source, determined by author expertise, venue, methodology, and transparency.

Reproducing exact words enclosed in quotation marks, used when exact wording is powerful or precise.

Smooth incorporation of source material into the writer's own sentences using signal phrases and attribution.

Restating ideas in the writer's own words while maintaining accuracy; demonstrates understanding.

An introductory phrase attributing information to a source.

Systematic assessment of a source's credibility, bias, methodology, and relevance.

Disagreement between sources; an opportunity for the writer to build nuance.

A weak synthesis structure where each paragraph discusses one source separately.

Deliberately selecting and framing sources based on their role in the argument.

Restating the content of a source without advancing an argument; contrasted with synthesis.

Combining evidence from multiple sources to build an original argument beyond any individual source.

An original, defensible claim supported by evidence from multiple sources.

Structuring an essay by analytical categories or themes rather than by individual sources.