Transoceanic Interconnections (1450-1750) Glossary

The forced transportation of millions of Africans to the Americas from the 16th to 19th centuries.

Spanish friar who documented and protested the abuse of indigenous peoples.

Agricultural product grown for sale and export rather than subsistence.

Racial hierarchy in Spanish colonies based on European, indigenous, and African ancestry.

The transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and people between the Americas and the Old World after 1492.

Spanish military explorers who conquered indigenous civilizations in the Americas.

Spanish colonial system granting colonists rights to indigenous labor and tribute.

Large landed estate in Spanish colonies, often using coerced labor.

Spanish trading vessels crossing the Pacific between Acapulco and Manila.

Economic theory holding that colonies exist to enrich the mother country.

Person of mixed European and indigenous ancestry in Spanish colonial society.

The transatlantic voyage of slave ships from Africa to the Americas.

Large-scale agriculture using enslaved labor to produce cash crops for export.

Bolivian city with massive silver mines that fueled the global silver trade.

Atlantic trade pattern linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas.